Small Wars Journal

Term IW Stirs Debate

Thu, 04/16/2009 - 7:46am
Today at Inside the Pentagon (subscription required) - Iregular Warfare Term Stirs Debate as DoD Prepares for QDR by Christopher J. Castelli. Here are several excepts:

-- A QDR issue paper developed late last month at U.S. Southern Command argues that security cooperation efforts and so-called phase zero missions aimed at preventing conflict should not be described as irregular warfare (IW) because key "interagency and multinational partners" shun the term.

-- Gates has embraced the term "hybrid warfare," which includes low-end and high-end asymmetric attacks.

-- A service official tracking the issue said there is "a very good chance" that a broader continuum spanning security cooperation, contested stability operations, irregular warfare, hybrid warfare and major conventional operations will displace the overly simplistic, bipolar framework that has been in vogue.

-- As ITP reported last month, one of five Pentagon issue teams that will play a key role in the QDR will focus on irregular warfare. InsideDefense.com reported this week that the IW capabilities team will include Garry Reid from the DOD policy shop, Timothy Bright from the program analysis and evaluation shop and Maj. Gen. Bill Troy from the Joint Staff. Cmdr. Jerry Hendrix will be the group's executive secretary.

-- The term "irregular warfare" has been criticized for some time. In a 2007 monograph titled "The Rise of Hybrid Wars," Frank Hoffman wrote, "What we ironically and perhaps erroneously call 'irregular' warfare will become normal, but with greater velocity and lethality than ever before." Foes will eschew rules and use unexpected, ruthless modes of attack, predicted Hoffman, a research fellow at the Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory. In his recent Foreign Affairs essay, Gates cited Hoffman's contention that hyrbid warfare merges "the lethality of state conflict with the fanatical and protracted fervor of irregular warfare."

Right Wing Extremist Vets, Left Wing Extremist Puter Hacks, Oh My...

Wed, 04/15/2009 - 8:29pm
The Department of Homeland Security recently disseminated two FOUO reports - Rightwing Extremism: Current Economic and Political Climate Fueling Resurgence in Radicalization and Recruitment (7 April 09) and Leftwing Extremists Likely to Increase Use of Cyber Attacks over the Coming Decade (26 January 09) - that are now in the public domain. These two reports - which say absolutely nothing helpful to those on the frontlines of defending our nation - will most certainly stoke partisan bickering.

David Rehbein, National Commander of the American Legion, expressed his concern over such analytical mush as this nugget from the "right-wing" report...

The possible passage of new restrictions on firearms and the return of military veterans facing significant challenges reintegrating into their communities could lead to the potential emergence of terrorist groups or lone wolf extremists capable of carrying out violent attacks.

... in a 13 April letter to Secretary Janet Napolitano at the DHS:

... The best that I can say about your recent report is that it is incomplete. The report states, without any statistical evidence, "The possible passage of new restrictions on firearms and the return of military veterans facing significant challenges reintegrating into their communities could lead to the potential emergence of terrorist groups or lone wolf extremists capable of carrying out violent attacks."

The American Legion is well aware and horrified at the pain inflicted during the Oklahoma City bombing, but Timothy McVeigh was only one of more than 42 million veterans who have worn this nation's uniform during wartime. To continue to use McVeigh as an example of the stereotypical "disgruntled military veteran" is as unfair as using Osama bin Laden as the sole example of Islam...

The cited DHS report is almost as sad as this Penn State 'instructional video' entitled The 'Worrisome' Veteran.

Penn State University's Office of Student Affairs, in partnership with President Graham Spanier, produced this vignette on "worrisome student behaviors" featuring a stereotypical "aggressive" veteran who threatens his professors.

Update:

US Officials: Recession Could Fuel Right-Wing Extremism - Voice of America

Homeland Security Warns of Rise in Right-Wing Extremism - FOX News

US Officials Warn of Radical Activity - United Press International

Federal Agency Warns of Radicals on Right - Washington Times

Right-wing Extremists Seen as a Threat - Los Angeles Times

Napolitano Defends Report on Extremism - Washington Post

Napolitano Says 'Risks' Monitored, Not Ideology - Reid Wilson, The HIll

Napolitano Defends DHS Report - Politico

Six Things You Should Know About the Homeland Security Report on 'Rightwing Extremism' - Judge Andrew Napolitano, FOX News

Homeland Security Report Characterizing Veterans as Potential Terrorists is "Offensive and Unacceptable" - Congressman John Boehner

Legion Objects to Vets as Terror Risk - Washington Times

Homeland Insecurity - San Francisco Chronicle

Top Dem 'Dumbfounded' by 'Extremism' Report - Washington Times

Republicans Criticize Report on Right-wing Groups - Associated Press

The New McCarthyism: DHS Reports on Right-Wing Extremism - US News & World Report

DHS Report on Right-Wing Extremists Is No Attack on Tea Party Conservatives - US News & World Report

You Might Be A Right-Wing Extremist If... QandO

US Takes Afghan Strategy to Villages

Wed, 04/15/2009 - 5:22am
US Takes Afghan Strategy to Villages - Michael Phillips, Wall Street Journal

The deepening US involvement in the Afghan war is forcing villagers to answer a dangerous question: Whose side are you on?

The Afghan government and US military have kicked off an ambitious project to build local opposition to the Taliban, reminiscent of a successful American effort to win over Sunnis in Iraq's once-turbulent Anbar province. For the elders of the village of Zayawalat, a safe haven for insurgents conducting attacks into Kabul, it's time to make the call on whether to join. So far, they have balked...

More at The Wall Street Journal.

In Recruiting an Afghan Militia, US Faces a Test - Dexter Filkins, New York Times

The ambitious American plan to arm local militias in villages across the country was coming down to a single moment.

The American officers sat on one side of a long wooden table; a group of Afghan elders on the other. The pilot program was up and running, but the area's big enclave of Pashtuns -- the ethnic group most closely identified with the Taliban -- had not sent any volunteers. The Pashtuns were worried about Taliban reprisals...

The meeting in Maidan Shahr, Wardak Province's capital, tucked into the mountains about 30 miles southwest of Kabul, concerned one of the most unorthodox projects the Americans have undertaken here since the war began in 2001: to arm, with minimal training, groups of Afghan men to guard their own neighborhoods...

More at The New York Times.

A Nuclear Talibanistan?

Wed, 04/15/2009 - 4:52am
A Nuclear Talibanistan? - Tony Blankley, Washington Times / Real Clear Politics opinion

Our view of Pakistan's role in the war in Afghanistan has undergone an ominous but necessary series of shifts. At the outset of the war, in October 2001, Pakistan correctly was seen as a necessary ally -- both politically and geographically...

Over the years, we came to understand that Pakistan's intelligence service was playing a double game -- helping us but also supporting the Taliban -- while Pakistan's northern area became a safe haven for both the Taliban and al-Qaida.

Thus, Pakistan came to be seen as part of the problem that the Obama administration reasonably has taken to calling the "AfPak" war. Gen. David Petraeus recently told a Senate committee that he sees Pakistan and Afghanistan as "a single theater...

Now another perception shift is starting to take hold: The increasing instability of Pakistan's government makes Pakistan -- more than Afghanistan -- the central challenge of our "AfPak" policy...

More at Real Clear Politics.

Islamic Law Now Official for a Valley in Pakistan - Sabrina Tavernese, New York Times

President Asif Ali Zardari of Pakistan has signed a measure that would impose Islamic law in the northwestern valley of Swat, in a move that was largely seen as a capitulation to Taliban militants.

Mr. Zardari's approval came late Monday, after Parliament voted overwhelmingly for the measure, which would allow militants to administer justice through courts whose judges have Islamic training.

The local government in Swat agreed in February to allow the militants to impose Islamic law in exchange for a cease-fire. The deal came after months of fighting, during which the Pakistani Army was unable to subdue the militants...

More at The New York Times.

US Criticizes Pakistan's Deal On Islamic Law - Associated Press / Washington Post

The Obama administration said Pakistan's imposition of Islamic law in a northwest valley to quell a Taliban insurgency undermines human rights, while a visiting US senator urged the country to "ratchet up" its urgency in the terror fight.

White House spokesman Robert Gibbs's comments Tuesday were the most pointed US criticisms of Pakistan's peace efforts in the Swat Valley to date...

More at The Washington Post.

Piracy Update

Tue, 04/14/2009 - 4:37am
'3 Rounds, 3 Dead Bodies' - Scott Wilson, Ann Scott Tyson and Stephanie McCrummen, Washington Post. Three deft sniper shots ended a drama that appeared initially as another example of a muscle-bound US military unable to adapt to today's unpredictable security threats. In the end, US Special Operations Forces easily defeated lightly armed, untrained men in a battle that US officials say will not end piracy.

Moment to Shoot Somali Pirates Had Come - Julian Barnes and Greg Miller, Los Angeles Times. Even as details about the daring rescue were still emerging, US national security officials were trying to assess whether it might lead to an escalation in violent tactics along the Somali coast, and were warning that a surge in pirate activity would be difficult to bring under control. President Obama, in his first public remarks on the rescue, pledged Monday to mount a sustained campaign against the escalating attacks on ships off Somalia.

Obama Signals More Active Response to Piracy - Peter Baker, New York Times. President Obama vowed Monday to "halt the rise of piracy" off the coast of Africa following the dramatic rescue of an American merchant captain, foreshadowing a longer and potentially more treacherous struggle ahead as he weighs a series of problematic options.

US Weighs Tough Action on Pirates - Bryan Bender, Boston Globe. A day after the dramatic rescue of an American sea captain held captive by Somali pirates, US officials said yesterday that they are considering launching attacks on the staging areas from which pirates have hijacked a rising number of international merchant vessels.

Rescue at Sea Sparks Calls for Firepower - Chip Cummins and John Miller, Wall Street Journal. Naval officials and seafaring organizations braced Monday for reprisals from Somali pirates, a day after the US Navy killed three in a high-seas hostage rescue in the Indian Ocean. But many maritime officials said they were encouraged by the military action Sunday, and are pushing governments to send more firepower to the Gulf of Aden and the waters along the east coast of Africa.

Will Pirates Join Forces with Islamist Militias in Somalia? - Scott Baldauf, Christian Science Monitor. The four-day hostage ordeal, with Somali pirates holding a US merchant ship captain in a lifeboat, ended in a hail of sniper fire Sunday and the safe return of the captain to his crew. But the twin rescues this past week by the French and American navies off Somalia are unlikely to end the problem of piracy. Quite the opposite, say analysts. The pirates, they say, are likely to increase their use of violence, and that could lead them into the arms of Somalia's small but powerful Islamist militias for protection and support.

A Solution for Somalia - Washington Post editorial. President Obama said in a statement Sunday that "we must continue to work with our partners to prevent future attacks, be prepared to interdict acts of piracy and ensure that those who commit acts of piracy are held accountable for those crimes." Those actions are certainly necessary, and they speak for themselves. But they don't begin to address the underlying problem, which is Somalia's long-standing status as a failed state and the desperation and extremism growing among its Muslim population.

Saving Captain Phillips - Wall Street Journal editorial. The Easter Sunday rescue of cargo ship Captain Richard Phillips from Somali pirates is a tribute to his personal bravery and the skill and steel nerves of the US Navy. Now the Obama Administration has an obligation to punish and deter these lawless raiders so they'll never again risk taking a US-flagged ship or an American crew.

Killing Pirates - Washington Times editorial. The Navy's bold actions were in sharp contrast to the instinctive waffling of Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, who promised that the Obama administration was seeking "an appropriate 21st-century response" to the pirates who seized a US-flagged vessel and took its American captain hostage. Thankfully, Vice Admiral William E. Gortney, commander of US Naval Forces Central Command, gets it. He made it clear that "The United States government's policy is to not negotiate." Such a clear statement of resolve was a refreshing change from President Obama's usual "let's talk about it" approach.

The Price of Piracy - Los Angeles Times editorial. First off, it just has to be said: Nice shooting, SEALs. Simultaneously hitting and instantly killing three partly obscured pirates who were holding guns on an American hostage -- and doing it after nightfall, from the deck of a ship in choppy seas -- is a remarkable feat, making us very glad these highly trained and immensely capable naval troops are on our side. Yet, though there's ample reason to celebrate the rescue Sunday of container-ship Capt. Richard Phillips after a five-day standoff with pirates off the coast of Somalia, it comes with recognition that the aggressive US response risks escalating the piracy threat and endangering the lives of more merchant ships' crews.

Securing the Seas - Philadelphia Inquirer editorial. An ultimate solution to piracy, as outlined in a recent paper by Naval War College professor James Kraska and senior Navy lawyer Brian Wilson, requires international cooperation. The United States can't do it alone. Through the United Nations, naval efforts can be coordinated and countries can work together to track down, prosecute, and jail pirates. Until pirates fear justice, they will continue to terrorize the oceans.

Rescue Takes Fight to Somali Pirates - Miami Herald editorial. The US Navy's rescue of ship captain Richard Phillips on Sunday morning put a face and an identity to what heretofore had been brazen but obscure attacks by Somali pirates on merchant ships in the Indian Ocean. The rescue is a turning point in the long-running standoff with pirates who have made shipping channels near Somalia the most dangerous in the world. The fight is now personal, and America is ready to lead the charge.

Convoys Are an Answer to Piracy - Peter Zimmerman, Wall Street Journal opinion. Pirates, like the Nazi submarines of World War II, do not hunt for their targets; they lie across the sea lanes where ships are likely to travel and simply wait for a victim to come over the horizon. And the same tactic which defeated the U-boats can put an end to the majority of pirate attacks. Merchant ships can be ordered to form convoys for their own protection.

How to Solve the Pirate Problem - Jonah Goldberg, Los Angeles Times opinion. Piracy is still a small problem in the scheme of things, but that makes things easier. Cannibalistic serial killers are relatively rare too. That hardly means there's a great mystery about what should be done with them. What remains to be seen is whether this problem was solved despite Obama's instincts or because of them. The SEALs solved a hostage crisis by shooting three pirates. The question is whether Obama will prevent a pirate crisis from emerging by making it easier to shoot even more pirates.

World Needs US 'Goliath' - Rich Lowry, New York Post opinion. President Obama approved negotiations with the Somali pirates holding Phillips, but authorized force should Phillips appear to be in imminent danger. When one of the pirates pointed his AK-47 at Phillips' back, snipers aboard the nearby USS Bainbridge took out the three pirates with three shots -- not a bullet wasted. Suddenly, the headline The New York Times had run about the spectacle didn't seem so apt: "Standoff With Pirates Shows US Power Has Limits."

The Audacity of Rope - Ralph Peters, New York Post opinion. Will our president behave as Clinton did with al Qaeda, simply hoping the problem will disappear? Despite the blessed rescue of Capt, Richard Phillips, the indicators aren't encouraging. It's time for real audacity, Mr. President. But this one takes rope, not hope. Pirates must hang.

Kill the Pirates - Fred Ickle, Washington Post opinion. With the rescue of American Richard Phillips from the hands of pirates yesterday, there was a blip of good news from the Indian Ocean, but it remains a scandal that Somali pirates continue to routinely defeat the world's naval powers. And worse than this ongoing demonstration of cowardice is the financing of terrorists that results from the huge ransom payments these pirates are allowed to collect.

To the Shores of Tripoli - Harlan Ullman, Washington Times opinion. What appears to have been a highly professional dispatch of three Somali thugs and the capture of a fourth was hailed as a major win for the Obama administration. For those who advocate hitting these pirates hard ashore, as the Leathernecks did in 1804, or at sea, this incident provided more evidence for strong action. However, as the US Navy noted, the rescue of brave Capt. Phillips could provoke a greater response by Somali pirates, who number in the thousands. So what should be done to take on this long-standing scourge of the high seas and coastal waters?

Millions for Tribute but not One Cent for Defense? - Information Dissemination. With the rescue of Captain Phillips many people are ready to move on to the business of killing pirates already, or at least do something. Clearly we have arrived at a moment where policy has changed, but before we start down that road, perhaps we should ask why policy has changed?

Admiral Allen on the Worlds Piracy Threat (and opinion) - USNI Blog. And short of having hired security on these vessels, this does indeed seem the norm. ADM Allen's answer was the to take the legal road if viable, which on all accounts one should agree with. However, there also needs to be more drastic measures taken to protect not only US general/cargo vessels transiting high piracy areas, but to sway those from doing this to any nations vessel. My solution? Well, I don't have one. With that being said, we could continue to flex our muscles as we did yesterday by using our Special Ops community to secure the area on a case by case basis. Oh, you didn't hear (that's what happens when living under a rock)?

US Sea Captain Freed in Swift Firefight

Sun, 04/12/2009 - 3:12pm
The Associated Press and others are reporting that Richard Phillips, Captain of the Maersk Alabama, was freed unharmed Sunday in a swift firefight that killed three of the four Somali pirates who had been holding him for days in a lifeboat off the coast of Africa. AP cites the ship's owner and an unnamed US official.

Update: CNN reports that Captain Phillips jumped overboard from the lifeboat where he was being held (see Update 2 note below), and US Navy SEALs shot and killed three of his four captors, according to a senior US official with knowledge of the situation. The fourth pirate was aboard the USS Bainbridge negotiating with officials and was taken into custody.

Update 2: a second overboard adventure is not a part of the current final rescue story, not to be confused with his brief dip earlier in the saga. Safe home, Capt Phillips. Nice shooting, USN. Let's all stay tuned to see what kind of a game changer this becomes in GoA piracy.

The AfPak Challenge

Sun, 04/12/2009 - 11:59am
The AfPak Challenge - Trudy Rubin, Philadelphia Inquirer opinion

When Gen. David Petraeus testified on Capitol Hill 11 days ago about the new US policy for Afghanistan and Pakistan, the story was relegated to the inside pages of major papers. What a contrast to the media circus when Petraeus testified on the Iraq war.

Shell-shocked by the financial crisis, the American public hasn't focused on Obama's war, which calls for 17,000 more combat troops this year, as well as 4,000 new military trainers. Polls show the public is wary about the AfPak conflict, but opposition is more muted than to the war in Iraq. That could change should casualties increase, as is likely over the next year.

So, I sat down with Petraeus in the venerable but far-from-fancy Fairfax hotel in Washington where he was staying, to ask why Americans should support this war, and what it would take to win it...

More at The Philadelphia Inquirer.

Civilians Reassert Themselves in US Foreign Policy

Sun, 04/12/2009 - 12:24am
Civilians Reassert Themselves in US Foreign - Dexter Filkens, New York Times

... The reassertion by civilian leaders is being led by Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, who has promised to restore the State Department's centrality in the making of foreign policy. In the first six years of the Bush presidency, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld dominated the administration's interactions with the world, pushing aside Secretaries of State Colin Powell and Condoleezza Rice. Likewise, in places like the Balkans and Iraq, the military began undertaking activities once reserved for diplomats, like overseeing reconstruction and development projects. Mrs. Clinton says she not only wants to take back those former responsibilities, but to restore diplomacy's primary role in resolving crises. One of the centerpieces of that effort would be Iran, which the West fears is rapidly developing the capacity to build nuclear weapons.

She has a long way to go. According to an article in the January-February issue of Foreign Affairs by J. Anthony Holmes, there are more musicians playing in military bands than there are diplomats working around the globe. The Pentagon's budget is 24 times larger than the State Department's and Usaid combined, Mr. Holmes found. For the recent trip to the subcontinent, Mr. Holbrooke flew on a Pentagon jet...

More at The New York Times.