The “Fad Fallacy” of Cognitive Warfare: Why Cognitive Engagement Is More Than Re-Branded Influence Operations
10.05.2026 at 02:51am

Leaflet V53, one of several 4th Psychological Operations-produced PSYOP leaflets dropped over Iraq during the First Gulf War. The caption accompanying this leaflet read "The United States of America abides by the laws of the Geneva Conference, Ceasing fire will provide you with the following: Humane treatment, food and water, medical care, shelter. Return to your home after hostilities" (Source: https://www.psywar.org/psywar/reproductions/LeafletsPersianGulfWar.pdf, CC0 Public Domain)