The al Qaeda Franchise Model: An Alternative
The al Qaeda Franchise Model
An Alternative
by Captain Joshua McLaughlin
Download the full article: The al Qaeda Franchise Model: An Alternative
This article stems from a series of posts I recently wrote at al Sahwa, and is intended to offer an alternative to the commonly accepted “franchise” model that is frequently discussed in reference to al Qaeda (AQ) on a global scale. Just a few examples of the widespread use of the word “franchise” are available here, here, here and here. My intent is not to provide an operational framework or design for AQ subordinates at the operational or tactical levels; instead, my aim is to supplant “franchise” with “conglomerate” as the most representative business model for the relationship between AQ and its affiliate groups.
Download the full article: The al Qaeda Franchise Model: An Alternative
Captain Joshua McLaughlin is a recent graduate of the Field Artillery Captains Career Course. His most recent operational assignment was with 1st Battalion, 8th Infantry in Mosul, Iraq as the Task Force Fire Support Officer. He also blogs at al Sahwa.
I am still not clear as to why the US decided (or it just happened due to bureaucratic drift? that may be even worse) to de-emphasize the hunt for Bin Laden and Zawahiri? COnglomerate or franchise (and conglomerate seems a better description to me), it had a brand that was crucially dependent on a few top people. By letting them get away for 8 or 9 years, the US has allowed the initiative to slip away. In another year or two it really may not matter anymore but 4 years ago, the momentum would have been lost for them if they has not been able to show that they can survive and even thrive in the face of the world’s largest military machine. Unless the “real objectives” of the US have nothing to do with AQ, this lapse would seem to be a very costly one.
Conglomerate design may provide a framework for targeting middlemen; I.e. Training, financing. Al Qaeda is hierarchical but operates “by its own means” like you say. Is targeting the middle tier the way to eliminate the Central Hub of AQ? Franchise model supports a top-down: if you attack OBL then you dismantle the hierarchy.
It is my anecdotal opinion, based on being a Pakistani Muslim and living amongst muslims in Saudi Arabia, that getting at the head would have been by far the more effective strategy. People with grievances against the US are a dime a dozen in the Muslim world. After all, the US is the main support of Israeli occupation and is thought to be a major source of support for dictatorial regimes in the Arab world (rightly or wrongly is another argument). The question in front of a Muslim who wants to reverse Israeli-US domination is: what is the best way to change this situation? many different options are out there, most do not involve terrorism or even warfare against the US and its allies. But when someone opts for no-holds barred-terrorism, succeeds in hurting the US, and GETS AWAY WITH IT (by staying alive and keeping his organization alive) then that increases their attraction. Many of their other actions (like killing innocent Muslims) also decrease their attraction. Its a dynamic situation, not fixed. But my point is that their ability to “take a licking and keep on ticking” is a tremendous factor in attracting recruits to their cause. As Bin laden said, people bet on the strong horse. So, if you really wanted to make this terrorist initiative less attractive, you would be well advised to go after the top people. If Bin Laden and company had been hauled up before some court in 2001 AND their supporters in Afghanistan and Pakistan forced to recant or be destroyed, this international franchise/conglomerate would be dead. If you want a business analogy, its like a company markets terrorism as the best option and terrorism fails at first go, then the stock of that conglomerate is sunk. If their system seems to work, they are in business (and for a terrorist, being able to hit, stay alive and keep hitting is all you need). In this case, the longer they survive, the better their bet begins to look…does that make sense?
Of course, if the real objective is to support Israel by channeling anti-Israel/US feeling into an ultimately self-defeating and nihilistic channel, then maybe its a good idea to let them live and use their conglomerate as fly-paper…but that sounds too convoluted a conspiracy to me….
“Global Insurgency” was a horrible misnomer driving all kinds of misguided thinking and actions.
“AQ Franchise” is much more accurate, but still misses the point.
“Conglomerate?” If this was a child’s game, I would say “you are getting colder…” This is going back toward the same type of thinking of this as one big movement that was driven by “Global Insurgency.”
I think it is best to simply recognize that AQ is a non-state actor conducting a Global/Regional Unconventional Warfare Campaign.
What we call “AQSL” is the hub of this movement, (or corporate HQ is one is more comfortable with the franchise model).
What we call “AQN” is more accurately “AQUWN”; this self-healing, amorphous network of capabilities and activities that they use to fuel, incite, support their UW campaign. To my thinking THIS IS THE AQ STRATEGIC COG. Without out the network, they are a group of extremists in a mosque basement, or cave somewhere. With the network they can raise havoc by inciting and supporting insurgency among poorly governed Sunni populaces around the world. Many of these populaces are in the Middle East and North Africa. Many are in your own neighborhood. Foreign Fighters are a node of this network that various nationalist insurgent movements provide fighters to go to where the west is and fight them there.
The key to taking this apart must be two-fold. One must seek to understand and disrupt the network. Not at the borders, but at the critical nodes wherever they lie. Second is to understand that each insurgency movement is unique and distinct, and to not brand them, or even recognize them as “AQ.” To do this merely lends credibility where it should not lie, and confuses people as to seeing it as one big “conglomerated” movement. It isn’t.
You have to deal with each insurgency separately. The issues creating causation in Saudi Arabia are unique from those creating causation in Libya. Common to both is that the West has granted their governments a license to brutally suppress their own populaces quest for good government under the guise of “counterterrorism.” This fuels AQ’s message that these nationalist insurgents must defeat the West/US support to these despots first, before they can enjoy success at home.
Those Muslim populaces of western countries that are targeted have concerns that are real to them that must be addressed seriously as well. How is their new nation treating the people of their old nation? How well has their new nation embraced and incorporated them as citizens?
These are all solvable problems. But CT won’t get us there, and neither will bundling it all up as one big enemy to defeat. First we must form a fresh perspective, and “franchise” is better than most for moving toward a more accurate perspective.